2. Joint Economic Committee. 1972. The Economics of Federal Subsidy Programs. U.S. Congress. p. 8

3. Losos, et al. p. 2

4. Cook, Kenneth, Clark Williams, Andrew Bart, Christopher Campbell, and Frank Schima. 1995. The Cash Croppers: The Top Two Percent of America's Farm Subsidy Recipients 1985-1994. Environmental Working Group. p. 1

5. Cuff, Courtney, Ralph De Gennaro, and Gawain Kripke. 1995. The Green Scissors Report: Cutting Wasteful and Environmentally Harmful Spending and Subsidies. Friends of the Earth and the National Taxpayers Union Foundation.

6. Noss, Reed F., Edward T. LaRoe III, and J. Michael Scott. 1995. Endangered Ecosystems of the United States: A Preliminary Assessment of Loss and Degradation. National Biological Survey, Department of the Interior. Biological Report 28. p.6

7. Ibid, p. 8

8. Ibid, pp. 7-8

9. Flather, Curtis H., Linda A. Joyce, Carol A. Bloomgarden. 1994. Species Endangerment Patterns in the United States. USDA. Forest Service. General Technical Report RM-241. p. 26

10. Cook, et al. p. 1

11. Flather, et al. p. 11

12. Cook, et al., p. 1

13. Ibid

14. Ibid

15. GAO. 1994. Water Subsidies: Impact of Higher Irrigation Rates on Central Valley Project Farmers. GAO/RCED-94-8.

16. Office of Technology Assessment (OTA). 1990. Beneath the Bottom Line: Agricultural Approaches to Reduce Agrichemical Contamination of Groundwater. OTA. pp. 301-7

17. Bean, Michael J. 1994. Conserving Endangered Species By Accident: The Duck River Experience. The Big Kill: Declining Biodiversity in America's Lakes and Rivers. EDF. p. 120

18. Goldstein, Jon, and Joan Hartmann. 1988. The Impact of Federal Programs on Wetlands. Volume I. U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Policy Analysis. Goldstein and Hartmann. 1994. pp. 134-135

19. Repetto, Robert. 1994. Biodiversity Destruction and Policy Failures in the U.S. Different Drummer: Incentives for Protecting North American Biodiversity. Vol. 1. No. 3. p. 47

20. Bovard, James. 1989. Farm Fiasco. Institute for Contemporary Studies Press. p. 97

21. Goldstein, Jon, and Joan R. Hartman. 1994. The Impact of Federal Programs on Wetlands. Vol. II. U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Policy Analysis, pp. 70-71

22. Ibid, p. 126 and p. 130

23. Environmental Defense Fund, 1994. The Status of Aquatic Biodiversity. The Big Kill: Declining Biodiversity in America's Lakes and Rivers. EDF. p. 10

24. Ibid, p. 19

25. Ibid.

26. Goldstein and Hartmann. 1994. pp. 30-31

27. Hunt, Constance E. 1988. Down By the River: The Impact of Federal Water Projects and Policies on Biological Diversity. Island Press. pp. 17-24

28. Richter, Brian D., Michael Mendelson, Larry Master, and David Braun. Draft. Leading Threats to Freshwater Aquatic Fauna: Results of an Experts Survey. The Nature Conservancy.

29. Hannon, Bruce. interview.

30. General Accounting Office (GAO). 1992. Natural Resources Management Issues. p. 21 (citing a CBO report)

31. Reisner, Marc, and Sarah Bates. 1990. Overtapped Oasis: Reform or Revolution for Western Water. Island Press. pp. 16-17

32. Goldstein and Hartmann. 1994. p. 72

33. Krautkraemer, John. 1994. Using Market Forces to Protect Aquatic Biodiversity: The Central Valley Project Improvement Act. Big Kill: Declining Biodiversity in America's Lakes and Rivers. EDF. pp. 144-7; and Reisner and Bates. pp. 38-43.

34. GAO. 1994.

35. GAO. 1992. p. 16

36. Ibid, p. 17

37. Ibid

38. Cuff, et al. p. 32

39. Krautkraemer. p. 142

40. Goldstein and Hartmann. 1994. p. 78

41. Krautkraemer. p. 142

42. Cuff, et al. p.29

43. Goldstein and Hartmann. 1994. p. 112

44. Cuff, et al. p.29

45. Losos, et al. p. 18

46. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1993. Livestock Grazing on Western Riparian Areas. EPA. p. 6

47. EPA, p. 2

48. Losos, et al. p. 14

49. O'Toole. 1995b. p. 58

50. GAO. 1992. p. 21

51. Cuff, et al. p. 34

52. GAO. 1992. p. 21 (citing a Congressional Budget Office report)

53. Losos, et al. p. 29

54. O'Toole, Randal. 1995a. Timber Sale Subsidies, But Who Gets Them? Different Drummer. Vol. 2 No. 2. p. 28-31

55. Goldstein and Hartmann. 1994. p. 106.

56. Noss, Reed F., and Allen Cooperrider. 1994. Saving Nature's Legacy. Island Press. p. 56

57. O'Toole, Randal. 1995b. True Reinvention: Run Forests Like Businesses. Different Drummer. Vol. 2. No. 2. p. 58

58. Noss, et.al. p. 40 and p. 56

59. Goldstein and Hartmann. 1994. p. 110

60. Ibid

61. Keystone Center. 1995. The Keystone Dialogue on Incentives for Private Landowners to Protect Endangered Species. The Keystone Center. p. 34

62. GAO. 1992. p. 14

63. Ibid, p. 9

64. Pyne, Stephen, Fire in America: A Cultural History of Wildland and Rural Fire. Princeton University Press, 1982, Princeton, NJ. pp. 263-264

65. Schiff, Ashley, Fire and Water

66. O'Toole, Randal. 1994a. Audit of the USDA Animal Damage Control Program.

67. Weurthner, George. 1995. Last Chance for the Prairie Dog. Wild Earth. Spring, 1995. pp. 23-24.

68. O'Toole, Randal. 1994b. Building Incentives into the Endangered Species Act. Building Economic Incentives into the Endangered Species Act. Defenders of Wildlife. pp. 105-7

69. Keystone Center. p. 13

70. Goldstein and Hartmann. 1994. pp. 54-55

71. Ibid, p. 101

72. Ibid, p. 95

73. Reid. 1994a. pp. 44-48