America’s Racist Urban Areas

John Oliver recently had an article saying that Boston was one of the most racist cities in America. But, if that’s true, why are so many blacks moving there? According to the American Community Survey, the city of Boston’s black population grew by 26 percent in the last 11 years, and black numbers are growing faster than the city’s overall population.

In 2015, the Antiplanner argued that the amount of racism in an area can be inferred by whether minorities are moving into or away from that area. This means regions can be racist if they adopt policies that have the effect of driving minorities away even if that wasn’t the main intention of those policies. At that time, the Antiplanner found that San Francisco-Oakland was the nation’s most-racist urban area as its overall population grew by nearly 10 percent between 2000 and 2010, but its black population shrank by 14 percent, a bigger gap than any other urban area.

The black population of San Francisco-Oakland continued to decline through 2016, but enjoyed a small reversal in 2017, as the region’s black population grew by about 3,100 or 1.1 percent. Black numbers are still declining in Los Angeles, which saw a 7 percent decline since 2006 and a 1 percent decline between 2016 and 2017.

Among major urban areas, blacks are fleeing Chicago in the greatest numbers. The region lost more than 125,000 blacks since 2006 and more than a thousand between 2016 and 2017. Most of these are departing the city of Chicago itself, which lost more than 161,000 blacks since 2006, though the number recovered slightly in 2017. Cook County lost nearly 153,000 since 2006, and 4,000 between 2016 and 2017. Suburban counties such as Lake, DuPage, and Will all gained black numbers, but Illinois as a whole lost nearly 80,000 blacks since 2006, though it gained about 5,000 between 2016 and 2017.

If I had to guess, I’d say the crime (762 murders in 2016) and underlying economic problems are a major reason for the black exodus. The fact (as shown in files posted here last week) that Chicago’s median housing prices were four times median family incomes in 2016 doesn’t help.

At the same time, Chicago’s overall population isn’t doing very well either, suggesting racist policies are less of an issue than other economic problems. Since 1950, the city has lost 25 percent of its numbers, and the population declined by 45,000 between 2006 and 2016. It grew by about 11,500 in 2017.

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Chicago and Detroit notwithstanding, Los Angeles takes the crown as the most racist major urban area in 2017. Not only is its black population declining even as its overall population is growing, the difference between the change in black and overall populations between 2016 and 2017 is greater than any of the other top 50 urban areas that are also losing black numbers.

Outside of the top 50, a case can be made that Honolulu, the nation’s 52nd largest urban area, is even more racist than Los Angeles. As defined by the Census Bureau, the Honolulu urban area (which includes a portion of Oahu) lost 12 percent of its blacks between 2016 and 2017, while the entire island of Oahu lost nearly 10 percent.

To make matters worse, the population of native Hawaiians declined nearly 12 percent in the Honolulu urban area and 2.5 percent in the island as a whole. Here, the blame can be placed squarely on high housing prices, which in 2016 were seven times greater than median family incomes. The housing crisis is so bad that the total population of Oahu is declining, though not nearly as fast as the population of blacks or native Hawaiians.

For those who are interested, I’ve posted a spreadsheet showing, for the nation, states, and major counties, cities, and urban areas, the total and black populations for 2006, 2010, 2016, and 2017. For those geographic areas where black populations declined, column K shows the decline between 2006 and 2017 while L shows the decline between 2016 and 2017. Column M shows the difference between black and total population growth rates from 2006 to 2017: negative numbers indicate black populations aren’t growing as fast as overall. Column N is the same from 2016 to 2017.

For Hawaii only, I’ve posted a file showing the total population and population of native Hawaiians by county for 2007, 2010, 2016, and 2017. Column K shows the change in population of native Hawaiians between 2016 and 2017 while column L shows the total population change between 2016 and 2017. There are also rows for “urban Honolulu CDP” (census-defined place) and “urban Honolulu urbanized area.” The 2016 and 2017 numbers for these areas are valid, but the Census Bureau’s definition of those areas may have been very different in 2007, so the change in populations since then should be treated with caution.

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About The Antiplanner

The Antiplanner is a forester and economist with more than fifty years of experience critiquing government land-use and transportation plans.

5 Responses to America’s Racist Urban Areas

  1. C. P. Zilliacus says:

    Then there’s the matter of Oregon (yes, that is a state, not a metropolitan area or a city), but I think it fair to assert that Oregon has a history that’s as bad as those of Mississippi and Alabama when it comes to racist state laws.

    Details here from a 2017 Washington Post article: When Portland banned blacks: Oregon’s shameful history as an ‘all-white’ state

  2. LazyReader says:

    The ghettos of urban America and the old slave plantations have a lot in common. The emphasis being in theory they prefer the security of the plantation to the shock and responsibilities of freedom. The plantation has become not merely a prison of the body but also a prison of the mind. It holds its population in debased psychological confinement even when there is the opportunity to get up and go. Instead of whips and chains the dems use welfare and foodstamps to keep them in line and secure their vote.

    In his classic work “The Peculiar Institution,” historian Kenneth Stampp identified the five distinctive features of the old slave plantation: dilapidated housing, which the slave-owners termed slave quarters; broken families, the product of slave rules that abolished the institution of marriage and permitted the sale of family members at the master’s whim; a high degree of violence to police the plantation, necessary of course because slavery was based on captive labor; no opportunity for decent education or advancement, notwithstanding the Democrats’ insistence on slavery as a “school of civilization”; and finally the plantation’s emotional characteristics of hopelessness, despair and nihilism.

    We can verify the existence of Democratic plantations today by finding these exact five features in inner-city Oakland or Detroit; in the Latino barrios of California and south Texas; and on native American reservations like the Pine Ridge reservation in South Dakota. Other features of the plantation – a leisure class of people who devoted themselves to leisure, gambling and duels provoked by petty slights – can also be found in today’s ghettos and barrios. In this respect the inhabitants of these places resemble not so much the old slaves as the old slave-owners. But instead of enslaving the body for labor, they’re enslaving the mind for votes.

  3. pokep says:

    I wouldn’t put too much faith in these statistics. I’m looking at my own home county (Linn, Oregon), and the spreadsheet shows a 45% decrease in black population in a single year. In another Oregon county it shows a 75% decrease. In another, the black population tripled. I think I’m pretty tuned into the demographic trends in my home town . . . it’s hard to imagine that I wouldn’t notice the black population being halved in one year. Something strange is going on with this data set.

    That said, the unmistakable trend in Portland is that the black population is bifurcating. The traditionally black-majority neighborhoods (where blacks had some modicum of political power and social cohesion) are gentrifying – spurred largely by the construction of rail lines that connect these neighborhoods not to the jobs where the locals worked, but to downtown. Most renters have been forced to the hell called “East of 82nd”, where they mix with the politically powerless immigrants and share the terrible schools, unmaintained streets and parks, and low-value commercial zones filled with strip clubs and pot shops. But a few are escaping to the suburbs and smaller metro areas, where at least they don’t have to fight a city government that seems bent on their destruction.

  4. Phil Miller says:

    “Most renters have been forced to the hell called “East of 82nd”, where they mix with the politically powerless immigrants and share the terrible schools, unmaintained streets and parks, and low-value commercial zones filled with strip clubs and pot shops.”

    What do you have against strip clubs and pot shops?

  5. CapitalistRoader says:

    A glance at the spreadsheet showed Portland, OR losing 20% over the 11 year period vs. Chicago at 10% and Los Angeles at 9%. So that means Portland is the twice as racist those two big cities, right? And I looked at all five metro areas listed under Alabama and the one listed under Mississippi and found none of them were as racist as Portland.

    If so, it figures, what with masked rioters dressed in all black smashing faces and windows in Portland. Very reminiscent of Nazi Germany. The racist dogma must be strong with those people.

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